Rape Culture Controversy Essay - 896 Words

While there are many problems in the world, like poverty, famine, cancer, and an abundance of carbon emissions into the planet, there is one that has been in the back of my mind for quite some time: rape culture. This issue is vastly popular in the world of bloggers and social networking site, tumblr. It’s slowly progressing into an important issue that the public is acknowledging. Reviewing the issue’s historical, social, political, cultural and economic perspectives will entail rape culture’s controversy. Rape culture is an issue that has gained moment through the feminist movement within the last couple of decades. Rape itself has been around since the beginning of time and its definition has changed over the years. In the United†¦show more content†¦I have adapted to extreme circumstances and am told to treat it as baseline. I carry this fear close to my heart, rooted into my bones, and I do so to keep myself unharmed.2† Girls and women are taught that cat calls on the street are normal and to just brush it off. Women have to deal with rape culture every day. Women can’t be out and about at three in the morning in fear of being raped. When I went to Sear’s Driving School, the instructor told every single girl in the class to lock the doors as soon as we get in their car in case anyone tries to attack us or rapes us. Women are told to be mindful of what they’re wearing because if they are raped, someone is going to blame their outfit for being raped. Society has taught women that it’s normal to be seen as sex objects and nothing else. In the summer of 2013, â€Å"Blurred Lines† by Robin Thicke was playing in nearly every radio station. I have to admit that it’s a catchy tune and made me want to sing along. It’s when I started singing along that I felt disgusted. The song goes on to say â€Å"I know you want it† referring to sex. The song â€Å"B lurred Lines† focuses on the so called â€Å"blurred lines† that men face when being entitled to having sex with a girl. If rape culture didn’t exist, a song like this wouldn’t be so popular much less have ever been written. The U.S. government has done as much as it can to implementShow MoreRelatedWomen s Movement During The 1970 S1275 Words   |  6 Pagesbegan in the 1970’s or the 1990’s these decades both held its own on the matters of oppression and the exploitation of women. Rape culture as well as women’s clothing options were twisted into making these decades some of the most influential for women of all times. From the way women were dressed, to celebrities standing out, rape culture, or movements for women, controversy was created throughout these decades to put a dent in women’s history and truly impact women’s lives. During the 1970’s mostRead MoreThe Debate Of Rap Music, By Kate Roberts, And Amita Vyas From The Aspen Institute1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe question of what causes rape, is a hard one to answer with certainty. Of course, nothing is ever 100% certain. Sexuality has long been a focus in many societies, and as Kate Roberts, and Amita Vyas from the Aspen Institute acknowledge, â€Å"On one side, sexuality renders power, while on the other, it causes fear and discomfort† (Roberts). In this century, there are numerous aspects that contribute to how people view sexuality. Some might debate that Rap Music, through its use of lyrics, tries toRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender832 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferences are biological and unambiguous. Gender on the other hand, refers to the aspects that influence each sex and make them distinct from a social standpoint, and each of us does gender constantly. The social construction of gender has caused controversy throughout the years, and has ultimately conceived one of the most contended topics in our society of late: feminism. Feminism refers to the belief in equality of the sexes. Recently there has been an influx of feminism in the media and our generalRead MoreThe Rape Trial Of Brock Turner Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pages America stands by traditional notions where rape culture is the norm and revolves around society. In particular, when a woman is raped, their actions prior to the incident are usually accounted for their fate of being sexually assaulted. Lately in America, there has been a controversy over women being victim blamed by legal authority in rape cases. These women are slut shammed for allegedly â€Å"asking for it† by being intoxicated and having the intention to â€Å"have fun†. Because of these accusationsRead MoreNirvana, By Kurt Cobain1348 Words   |  6 Pageswant to die†, but the songs on In Utero still represent the alternative core of the band. The song â€Å"Rape Me† , which did not make it on the final cut of In Utero, is a song that displays Nirvana core notion of alternativeness. â€Å"Rape Me† even created controversy, as the Nirvana as banned from playing this song on MTV. When it was their time to perform, Nirvana played the opening bars of â€Å"Rape Me† before going into another song, just to send a message to MTV. Signifying how they don’t really playRead MoreExploring Sexual Assault And Rape1315 Words   |  6 PagesEXPLAINING SEXUAL ASSAULT AND RAPE As reported by, feminist criminologists, their perspective of rape and sexual assault differ between liberal and radical feminists. Liberal feminists’ viewpoint in regards of rape as a gender-neutral assault on a persons’ autonomy and mainly focusing on the harm that rape can do to an individual. In contrast, radical feminists describe rape as a subject to be recognised and understood as a major pillar of patriarchy; a social system in which men claim the positionsRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Anti Abortion1624 Words   |  7 Pagesa very large controversy between the ideas about abortion and anti-abortion. Different religious views, beliefs, peoples many different customs and even people of different cultures all have their own preferences and ideas on the take of this political issue. Views against abortion can lead to as much of an impact as a violent/non violent riots outside of an abortion clinics, to something as simple article in the newspaper. The belief on abortion that leads to a lot of the controversy is that in thisRead MoreWomen s Rights On The Grounds Of Political, Social, And Economic Equality889 Words   |  4 PagesThe dictionary definition of feminism states that feminism is the â€Å"advocacy of women s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men.† However, this definition raises controversy due to a lack of preciseness. In order to achieve a precise definition, one would need to define equality because it is safe to say not all men are equal (i.e. white supremacy). The true definition of feminism, is the desire to end sexist tyranny and patriarchy. Feminists do not hate men asRead MoreGraffiti And Street Art Museum1650 Words   |  7 Pagesacross the world. Controversy however surrounds the art of graffiti. In most cases, graffiti is placed upon public areas for all eyes to see. Public areas are often seen to be owned by the public, a neighborhood, or organization. An artist, or tagger, alters the appearance of a piece of public property that is not theirs without consent. As well, many graffiti artists paint graffiti for the thrill of the tag. It is an adrenaline rush for many to do something illegal. Controversy begins here becauseRead MoreFemisim, Sexual and Gender Equality1153 Words   |  5 Pagesto most within the campaign. Despite being just as human as any person, women, (people of all) gender identities and romantic/sexual orientations are discriminated against, and do not have the same rights as cisgender heterosexual males. Feminism culture is the drive for equality among females and all gender people that are not specifically ‘Male’. There are thousand of misconceptions about what Feminism is, and what Feminism isn’t. To start, Feminism is not about hating men, ‘Destroying the Patriarchy’

Slavery in Ancient Rome - 1491 Words

The experiences of enslaved women differed from the experience of enslaved men in ancient Rome; slavery within ancient Rome can be traced back to the first century BCE and was based primarily on the chattel slave system. Slavery within the ancient roman society was highly normalised as it was considered a part of roman culture. Slavery within ancient Rome was so heavily normalised that it is considered to be described as a â€Å"slave society† Joshel (2010, p. 6) states that â€Å"For slaves living in the Roman world, there was no outside – no place without slavery and no movement that declared slavery wrong. Slavery was a normal part of life, and this was true not only for the Romans but for every neighbouring ancient culture†. Not only was†¦show more content†¦While Roman law acknowledged slave motherhood† (Joshel Murnaghan 1981, p.8). Slavery within Rome was largely dependent in labour; both enslaved men and women were recruited within diffe rent fields of labour. Enslaved women were mostly enslaved to work within households, than enslaved men who were mostly recruited to work within the fields or mines . Enslaved Roman men and women were critical in symbolic terms of wealth for their masters, especially those who served within the domestic affairs. As these servants were responsible for the owners’ overall nobility â€Å"These domestic servants produced social status, not income, for their owners. They allowed their owners to live nobly: they took care of their owners’ physical needs, symbolised slaveholders’ social status, and, as property, displayed their owners wealth† (Joshel 2010, p. 9). Enslaved women that worked within domestics, especially cooking were subjected to poor working conditions and harsh treatment. The working conditions experienced within an ancient Roman kitchen is described as being â€Å"dark and poorly ventilated, so the cook worked in a small room full of smoke and fumes† (Joshel 2010, p. 25). Roman kitchens also included a small corridor allowing other servants to transport dishes in and out of the kitchen. In terms of harsh treatment, a slave cook could be beaten if their master found their workShow MoreRelatedThe Roles Of Ancient Roman Slavery In Ancient Rome886 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Roman slaves did numerous amount of jobs and helped Rome become prosperous. Slavery in Rome had benefited the Republic in various ways. Slaves increased the economy, fed the entire republic through agriculture, and they also upheld important roles and was the glue that held Ancient Rome together. Slaves played a huge roll in Ancient Rome and was the reason for the great economy and without the slaves Rome would not have been as powerful as it was. An estimate of the slave population inRead MoreSlavery in Ancient Greece and Rome Essay1104 Words   |  5 Pages Slavery was the practice of taking a human being and making them do the work of another by force. This was practiced through out the ancient world and especially in Rome and Greece. Slaves were nothing more than just property to the ancient peoples. They didnt have the rights of citizens nor were they able to do what they want in most cases. Slaves had many tasks that they had to do, many of which included taking care of the masters house and kids, cooking and cleaning that house, herding the cattleRead MoreSlavery in Ancient Roman Society1301 Words   |  5 Pagesoppression. When most people now think of slavery, they think of the United States because that memory is relatively new and culturally relevant to America ns. However, slavery existed in many other cultures and times across the world. Understanding the nature of slavery is integral to an understanding of Western Civilization in general. Ancient Rome practiced slavery throughout much of the Empire, and especially under Emperor Augustus. It is likely that slavery was just as important for making the RomanRead MoreRoman Slavery1148 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery is an institution of the common law of peoples by which a person is put into the ownership of somebody else, contrary to the natural order. Slavery was commonly practiced throughout all ancient history, but no other people in history owned so many slaves and depended on them so much as the Romans. Slavery was accepted as a part of life in ancient Rome by the slaves themselves and by the society. However, slavery was both beneficial and disastrous to ancient Rome. In RomanRead MorePompeii, By Janet Scott Batchler And Lee Batchler929 Words   |  4 Pagesthat was written by Robert Harris. I chose Pompeii because I heard about the devastating event that took place in the ancient Roman city in various television programs and books. As a result, I wanted to learn more about the event and the daily life of Pompeii before the volcanic eruption occurred. I thought that watching the movie would give me insight about Pompeii and the ancient Roman civilization. In addition, I also chose this film because it features talented actors such as Kit Harington, AdewaleRead MoreHow Strongly Ancient Societies Affected The Formation Of Today s Society1434 Words   |  6 Pagesaims to investigate how strongly ancient societies affected the formation of today’s society, by analyzing several characteristics basically originating from civilisations of Ancient Antiquity such as Greece and Rome. The civilized culture is dated back to ancient Greeks and Romans. Their contribution to philosophy, literature and politics has undeniably helped to form notions of modern Western cultures. This is because, assorted essential features in the life of Ancient Greeks and Romans which willRead MoreInhuman Treatment of Slaves in Ancient Rome Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesPrevious Roman actions have raised the question whether they recognized their slaves as things or people. Of course, there are economic advantages in support of slavery. However, when human lives are under constant danger and torture, the economic advantages must be forgotten. Although the slaves of Ancient Rome played a pivotal role in the society, their actions were never approved. After careful consideration, it is evident that the Romans recognized slaves as things rather than people. This conceptionRead MoreCompare And Contrast Rome And Han Empire1342 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last three centuries, Rome and the Han Dynasty were successful in their expansion throughout thei r respected parts of the world. Although both ran a very similar government, both successful civilizations did so using different methods. The Han would govern using imperial rule in addition to the Analects of Confucianism to run their political ideology. The Han Dynasty would eventually even change the text of the Analects per how they ruled through the original tablets. The Roman Empire wouldRead MoreAncient Roman Society1353 Words   |  6 PagesThe society of the ancient Romans has often been considered the bases for our modern society. When one thinks of the Roman society, pictures of grand villa s and of senators wearing Toga s come to mind. Also, Roman society is often associated with great feasts and extravagance among the rich. There is more to Rome, however, then these symbols and the Classical Roman society is one with a complicated history that covers the history of the ancient city and involves the family, the home, educationRead MoreA Brief Note On The Punic Wars And Rome1713 Words   |  7 PagesTraditions I October 14, 2015 Rome Midterm Essays Punic Wars The three Punic Wars were between ancient Carthage and Rome and took place over almost a century. The wars began in 264 B.C. and ended in 146 B.C. with the destruction of Carthage (History.com Staff). At the time the war broke out, Carthage was the world’s leading maritime power in the Mediterranean and Rome was the dominant power in the Italian Peninsula (History.com Staff). In the First Punic War, Rome defeated the Carthaginians at

Marketing and Customer Loyalty Consumer Audience and the Company

Question: Discuss about the Marketing and Customer Loyalty for Consumer Audience and the Company? Answer: Introduction Marketing is used to describe a means of communication between the consumer audience and the company. Marketing is the adaptation that is used to evaluate commercial activities and make a purpose for inducing behavioral activities related to this research. However, the researcher has taken customer loyalty that has a behavioral tendency to evaluate product performance of a brand (Brooks, Lovett Creek, 2013). It is observed that increased competition and selection of products is a major challenge to retain customers effectively. However, Smartphone, email, texting, twitter, social media and other communication channels are making business easy and resilient. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to find a key issue related to the marketing problems among the competitors in business. It is seen that identifying what customers wants and doing a better job will give rise to a differential problem regarding the technological alliances (Dencic-Mihajlov, 2013). Thus, the conservative climate is also shrinking the customer base. However, the business executives are trying to find a definite way for keeping customer base effective on marketing areas. Background of the study The background of the topic will focus on the orientation of researchers choice that will highlight the main perspectives of marketing theories and customer loyalty. It would be resilient if the growing perspective of social media has a relation to customers base (Dr. K. Selvi, 2012). However, it is seen in the economic environment that changing focus of management is a key area in marketing segment. The techniques associated with marketing will make an analysis of the consumer behavior. Moreover, choosing target markets would make a planning identity for the company to take benefit from the dedicated customers (Singla, 2012). It is also observed that there is an influence of market strategy associated with political, economic, environmental and technological factors. In addition, the researcher has initialized various types of customer loyalty that may have loyal customers but the consumers do not participate on any of the programs associated to business (Tang Saili, 2012). Hence, c ustomer loyalty in marketing has a relevance that would exhibit on differential products for a particular brand. It also describes a key objective for customer relationship management and an establishment of products and services. Rationale of the research The researcher has described a rationale for the topic by assuming an impact on marketing and customer loyalty in business. The issue the researcher finds will determine the main prospect of this research (Ren Shuxia, 2012). What is the issue? It is observed in the research that a major issue in marketing is arising due to rise of social media because it increases product performance. The main issue in this research is to find the marketers which is a major concern regarding technological problems (Miremadi Mohajerani, 2013). However, if proper assistance were given to marketers, then there would be a good feedback in identifying the right technology provided in implementing products. Why is it an issue? The researcher has made a specification regarding the technological problem the marketers are facing frequently related to products and services. The issue of this research is because due to technological intervention, the marketers do not find an area where they could solve their problem associated with the business (Milisavljevic, 2013). Thus, they must find an area where they can express their opinions and views regarding the technologies which hampers their products and effects customer loyalty frequently. Research question How would you evaluate technological alliances of marketing to build customer loyalty among most customers? Research Objectives The researcher has initiated various research objectives based on the research question that would analyze the context of business issue to an extent in this research. These are as follows: To identify the impact of marketing on customer loyalty To recommend practices that would help to regulate frequent use of technological alliances to increase customer loyalty To evaluate the technological alliances of marketing for building customer loyalty Literature review In this study, the researcher will discuss on the core aspects of literature review to evaluate the theories and models of customer loyalty and marketing areas (Lagarde, 2013). Since technological alliances has been growing widely on marketing segments and developing a way to build customer loyalty. Thus, there should be a way to reduce the problem associated with the business issue regarding the scattered market. Marketing strategic theory It is seen in this research territory that there are products and services which plays a key factor under the marketing strategy (Kursunluoglu, 2014). Thus, this theory is observed through various segments in marketing that are as follows: Segmentation Products and services are pioneered to solve problems regarding what customer wants exactly from the manufacturers. Market segmentation is crafted for presenting the product to the company that have the ability to access and afford the service (Dr. K. Selvi, 2012). Here, the marketers and business owners identify the product that have a demographic based on products profitability. Marketing mix This is organized by the marketing plan that has a psychology associated with the target market. The orientation will account on the marketing segments if there would be a possibility to make a differentiation on product base, features and its determined competitors (Kursunluoglu, 2014). The four factors of marketing that are price, product, place and promotion would make a potential benefit to access customer service through the target market. Life Cycle It would be assertive if the marketing strategies do not evolve the right base of products line (Miremadi Mohajerani, 2013). Ideally, it is initiated during the growth phase that proper audience would build a stable supply chain, brand loyalty and distribution channels to most customers. Thus, the marketing chain should shift its focus by aligning distribution channels to the cooperative advertising process and other online promotions. Alignment of products It would be effective if the market strategy takes benefit from its prominent customers but in turn, they must also give a better service (Singla, 2012). However, it would be efficient if the marketing team would focus on producing products with a low rate. Thus, it is evident that quality of product will be determined upon its price, style and durability. Customer value model It would be persistent if there would be a data-driven representation of products. Therefore, the researcher has taken customer value model (CVM) to deduce a relation on customer loyalty. CVM are used primarily in B2B markets where a choice is given regarding the product or the service (Ren Shuxia, 2012). Moreover, customer value is defined in terms of a benefit that is reduced through price. Hence, customer benefits are determined through product features and capabilities of customer. Customer value model is dependent on two areas that are: New product/service development It is developed that customer immersion is a major part that will determine the products featrure. However, there would be a functional area for creating value among most customers. Thus, the on-site interaction would be used to frame the features of products differentially (Tang Saili, 2012). Moreover, successful CVM efforts would change the basis of customer to supplier on product immersion. It would also form benefits to make functionality towards the problem associated with customer base. Sales tools CVM would serve as a major tool to form values and benefits what customer want from its staff. It would also make a validation for creating growth to the current customers. However, it serves as a major platform for retaining the current customers and determining a way to make a position for its cost and promotion (Brooks, Lovett Creek, 2013). Moreover, the researcher has analyzed a problem that would make ability through customer interaction and on-site previews. This problem would be beneficial if observations are made for evaluating customer problems and other consulting firms. Moreover, there may be a way to make a clear connection between customers bottom line and other product benefits (Dencic-Mihajlov, 2013). Figure 1: Customer Value model (Source: Kursunluoglu, 2014) Research methodology In this study, the researcher has assumed various methodologies to make an empirical part in this research. This will also explain theories and concepts from the outline of this research. Moreover, the researcher will draw an outline through research approach, research strategies, research designs, etc. In addition, the integral part of researcher would be to analyze data analysis and data collection method relatively (Sullivan, 2014). Thus, the researcher will also incorporate a time horizon to make the foundation of research successful. Research philosophy The researcher has taken various techniques and ideas to make an outline of this research. This will fulfill the goals and objectives of this research ideally. To get a better variation from this confronting topic, the researcher has taken research paradigm to understand and make an analytical review with proper base and assistance. It is seen in this research that an authentic observation is provided to make a good understanding of this topic. However, there are four types of research philosophy (Salaberry Comajoan, 2013). These are Positivism, Post-positivism, Realism, and Interpretivism. In this study, the researcher has chosen Positivism research philosophy for making a justification in this research. However, the researcher has chosen Positivism philosophy because the researcher did not have enough time and low budget made to choose this philosophy (Rostron, 2013). This philosophy will help the researcher for better understanding and it is observed that the main area of Positiv ism philosophy has the ability to minimize the possible errors. It will also gather effective information to validate the research successfully. Now, the researcher has made possible variation from this research by gaining a factual knowledge. Thus, this will present the variation of data and other activities from the concerned topic (Popping, 2012). Research approach The study will correlate about the assistance provided by the researcher to conduct Research approach. This comprises of inductive and deductive phenomena. In this research, the researcher has chosen deductive research approach to make an outline through accumulating data and participation through specific variables and corresponding data (Love, 2012). It also illustrates by use of theories and models in an effective manner. On the other side of this research, inductive research approach is concerned by generating theories and models for good evaluation of data. Hence, for better understanding in this topic, the researcher has made a justification to deduce a relation for completing the research in that given time (Juan Huang, 2012). However, this will also make a general perspective with the help of scientific evaluation and by drawing critical theories. Research design Research design will provide an opportunity for the researcher to make the topic evident in an elaborative manner. Research design mainly includes of four types (Jagodzinski Wallin, 2013). These are Explanatory, Exploratory, Correlation and Descriptive research design. In this study, the researcher has taken descriptive research design to analyze the topic by giving an authentic explanation through various angles and other perceptions. Regarding the topic, it is evident that other designs have also a very important part to play. Explanatory research design is involved by active participation to answer the questions of the research successfully. It will also solve the problem associated with this research by knowing the outcome (Hantrais, 2014). On the other hand, exploratory research design will focus on the orientation of this research that could not be identified in an appropriate manner. Hence, descriptive research design would allow the researcher to gather primary and secondary variables of this research effectively (Goodson, Loveless Stephens, 2012). Research strategy Research strategy would also provide an outline by analyzing how the researcher will carry out his entire work throughout the process. Research strategy is conducted by various interviews, surveys, case studies, analysis and other areas. This strategy would make good efficiency by following guidelines of this research and demonstrating it through an analytical venture. It is observed in this study that proper evaluation of data is an important aspect to assess information effectively. However, the general perspective of this research would be suitable to justify the position of this research for better understanding (Fram, 2014). In this study, the researcher has selected surveys and interviews that would help to gather information periodically. It would also focus on the orientation of this research qualitatively by assess to opinions, beliefs and a thinking perception. Hence, this will make reliability in this research by gaining a position with the help of preferable ideas. It is observed from various case studies that the outlook of research will give a clear understanding through a frequent basis. The survey procedure will allow the researcher for gathering valuable information to make a viewpoint of this research. This will be analyzed through a statistical format. Now, to provide a justification in this research, the researcher has conducted interviews for improving the quality of this research in an effective manner. Moreover, the researcher has taken questionnaire forms to make an application criterion to assess valuable information from the analyzed topic (Fiorito, Scheall Suprinyak, 2015). It is more or less seen that researcher did not focus on the groups because it did not provide effective information that is based on quality. Hence, the perception of this research would make a good relevance of the topic because of good validity. Data collection method The knowledge researcher has provided from the very beginning is to analyze variation of data in an effective manner. It is seen that data collection method comprises mainly of two types. It evolves as primary and secondary data collection method. The primary data collection method is assessed by involving major respondents (Chandra Sharma, 2013). It generally includes quantitative and qualitative data collection method whereas the secondary data collection method would be assessed by collecting information through various journals, books, websites, magazines, newspapers and other references. In this research, the researcher has taken primary data collection method to observe the research analytically with the help of major respondents. As it is depicted that primary data collection method comprises of quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Thus, the researcher would make a consideration in this study with the help of probability sampling techniques for quantitative a nd non-probability sampling method for qualitative method (Biddle Emmett, 2013). It is seen that quantitative data analysis would be observed for better understanding in this topic by making various questions under a statistical format. The quantitative research method would be analyzed by making graphs, pie charts and tables among the major customers and giving them a variety of choices to choose. Moreover, qualitative data analysis is performed with proper evaluation and it is done through by taking managers by asking them relevant questions. Sampling method To make a foundation of this research, the researcher has defined the target population with the help of suitable goals and objectives. Generally, sampling methods are of two types. It includes Probability and non-probability sampling method. Probability sampling method is done through random sampling in an effective manner whereas non-probability sampling method is included more appropriately and in a fragile way (Barbour, 2013). In this research, the researcher has chosen probability-sampling method because it has a good advantage by minimizing the errors that will be calculated. Sample size Sample size is defined as the number of respondents, which would help for execution of data in the research study in a successful way. In this research, the researcher has taken 55 customers by assessing marketing theory on customer loyalty and 4 managers, which would help to perform data analysis by conducting interviews and surveys qualitatively (Alvesson Sandberg, 2013). Data analysis This is a way to inspect information by transforming data with the help of suitable recommendations (Al, 2013). Data analysis supports multiple approaches and facts by interpreting information through a suitable domain. It is observed that an analytical data would be performed by citing information from the major users. This could make an interpretation by answering questions and by making a suitable hypothesis in this research. However, the data would be used for specifying variable population that includes sex, age, income, gender, caste, etc. In addition, the analytical areas would interpret information based on the regression values and characteristics of the random distribution curve (Biddle Emmett, 2013). Reliability and Validity of the research Reliability of the research is defined as the degree that produces successful results and assessments. It is administered with a group of individuals, which performs critical thinking ability and decision-making process (Fram, 2014). Validity produces experimental results that have a scientific method to analyze the sample groups with the help of successful results. Time horizon List of activities Week 1-3 Week 3-6 Week 6-9 Week 9-12 Week 12- 15 Week 15-18 Week 18-21 Selection Secondary data collection Literature review Primary data collection Data analysis and interpretation Research methodology Suitable recommendations and conclusions Formatting Final submission Table 1: Gantt chart Limitations of the research The researcher has formed various characteristics on implementation and design policies of this research. This will highlight the research by making suggestions regarding a problem that are as follows: Errors will be placed if descriptions are not stated clearly. Pre-existing data will help to conduct the research by making various questionnaires, surveys and interviews Selective memory and attributes will help to access information from various documents and other areas of research (Goodson, Loveless Stephens, 2012). Ethical considerations The researcher has made variable contribution in the research that would initialize during the course work. It would also interpret information that would persist to make an application related to gather data conveniently. However, the major respondents would help to make a suitable conclusion during the course work through active participation. It enhances that major respondents would set an application criteria in this research to make a proper validity in this research (Juan Huang, 2012). However, the researcher would impose a criterion to make proper rules and regulations for implementing Data Protection Act in a successful way. It also regulates that there would be no involvement of any external force regarding the research study. Reference List Al, S. (2013). Interpretive research design: concepts and processes. International Journal Of Social Research Methodology, 16(4), 351-352. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2013.802464 Alvesson, M., Sandberg, J. (2013). Constructing Research Questions. London: SAGE Publications. Barbour, R. (2013). Book Review: Pranee Liamputtong, Focus Group Methodology. Qualitative Research, 13(2), 255-256. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468794112450833 Biddle, J., Emmett, R. (2013). A research annual. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Brooks, M., Lovett, J., Creek, S. (2013). Developing B2B social communities. [Place of publication not identified]: CA Technologies Press. Chandra, S., Sharma, M. (2013). Research methodology. Oxford: Alpha Science International Ltd. Dencic-Mihajlov, K. (2013). Marketing of initial public offering. Marketing, 44(2), 137-148. https://dx.doi.org/10.5937/markt1302137d Dr. K. Selvi, D. (2012). Customer Loyalty Towards Telecom Industry. IJSR, 2(9), 228-229. https://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/sep2013/76 Fiorito, L., Scheall, S., Suprinyak, C. (2015). A research annual. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Fram, S. (2014). When to use what research design. 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Nothing free essay sample

The menu is famous for integrating roasted nuts (hazelnuts, pistachios, almonds), GianduJa, Orange Peel, dried Strawberry bits, and more. Recently, Patchi introduced 5 new exotic flavors to its menu with Cotton Candy, Cheesecake, Peanut Butter in some of the recipes. [7] Presence[edit] A Patchi outlet in Taguig City, Philippines Expansion Network The business is well expanded and properly established at 28 countries spread amongst the globe with a great deal of focus on the Middle East The Home of Patchi as well as recognizable presence in North Africa, Asia Pacific, etc. Countries are: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei, Canada (Online), Egypt, France, Chinese Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Jordan, KSA, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mexico (Online), Morocco, Oman, Philippines, Qatar, Syria, South Africa, Tunisia, IJAE, I-JK, Ukraine, and USA. [8] As for the boutiques network it consists of 145 boutiques, fairly distributed according to market demand and expertise in the field. Patchis online boutique caters to the North American markets at http:// usa. We will write a custom essay sample on Nothing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Patchi. com and http://canada. patchi. com. Worldwide Store locations can be ound on this page. Industrial network and divisions[edit] Patchi has a network of 5 factories, in: Lebanon, KSA, UAE, Syria Egypt. Aside from chocolate, Patchi runs 4 other manufacturing divisions, one which produces all packages (printing section), another that produces the Silver Line (Patchi Silver), the porcelain section (creation various fillings for chocolates) and finally the Flower division or in other words the section that caters for the development of chocolate decoration and all other forms of ornaments. nothing By poiuytrewqlkJhfdsa Nothing free essay sample It Is very important for me to express to you how much you really mean to me. Wish I could do this in person while holding you in my arms and gazing into your eyes But since we are physically separated by miles of emptiness, this expression must come In the form of letters such as this. Nice, I know It is difficult for you, as It Is for me, to have a long distance relationship. We had met through a social networking site and I keep on hoping to meet you soon In person.Although we have not seen each other yet, but Im pretty sure that my feelings for you Is pure ; true. Life seems to be full of trials in this type of relationship we have, which test our Inner strength, and more Importantly, our devotion and love for one another. After all, It Is said that True Love Is boundless and Immeasurable and overcomes all forms of diversity. We will write a custom essay sample on Nothing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In truth, If It Is genuine, It will grow stronger with each assault upon Its existence.Nice, our love has been assaulted many times and I am convinced that It Is true because the longer I am away from you, the greater is my yearning to be with you. You are my Charming Prince and I am your devoted Princess. I cherish any thought of you, prize any memory of you that rises from the depths of my mind and live for the day when our physical separation will no longer be. Until that moment arrives, I send to you across the miles, my tender love, my warm embrace and my most passionate kiss. Love always, Nothing free essay sample D) pulmonary muscles contract and pull on the outer surface of the lungs. E) a positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm relaxes. 2. Which of the following occurs with the exhalation of air from human lungs? A) The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases. B) The residual volume of the lungs decreases. C) The diaphragm contracts. D) The epiglottis closes. E) The rib cage expands. 3. A person with a tidal volume of 450 mL, a vital capacity of 4,000 mL, and a residual volume of 1,000 mL would have a potential total lung capacity of A) 1,450 mL. D) 5,000 mL. B) 4,000 mL. E) 5,450 mL. C) 4,450 mL. 300-Organisms in water use countercurrent exchange for gas diffusion. A. How does this work? Blood flows in the opposite direction to water passing over the gills, blood is always less saturated with O2 than the water it meets (remember higher partial pressure to lower partial pressure! ). Gills have several outfoldings to increase surface area and exchange B. We will write a custom essay sample on Nothing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Why do organisms living in water need to do this? The water medium has inherently lower concentrations of oxygen and higher viscosity of air so countercurrent exchange helps to facilitate diffusion 400-1. The blood level of which gas is most important in controlling human respiration rate? A) nitric acid D) carbon dioxide B) nitrogen E) carbon monoxide C) oxygen 2. Blood carbon dioxide levels determine the pH of other body fluids as well as blood, including the pH of cerebrospinal fluid. How does this enable the organism to control breathing? A) The brain directly measures and monitors carbon dioxide and causes breathing changes accordingly. B) The medulla, which is in contact with cerebrospinal fluid, monitors pH and uses this measure to control breathing. C) The brain alters the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid to force the animal to retain more or less carbon dioxide. D) Stretch receptors in the lungs cause the medulla to speed up or slow breathing. E) The medulla is able to control the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood. 1 BIO 102-BioJeopardy II Exam is February 27th 3. The Bohr shift on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is produced by changes in A) the partial pressure of oxygen. D) temperature. B) the partial pressure of carbon monoxide. E) pH. C) hemoglobin concentration. 500-How are gas exchange and circulation coordinated in the human lungs? Blood arrives in the lungs has low partial pressure of O2 and a high partial pressure of CO2 relative to air in the alveoli -In alveoli-O2 diffuses into the blood and CO2 diffuses into the air -In tissue capillaries, O2 diffuses into interstitial fluids and CO2 diffuses into the blood Birds do it, bees do it, †¦ 100-Evidence that parthenogenic whiptail lizards are derived from sexually reproducing ancestors includes A) the requirement for male-like behaviors in some females before their partners will ovulate. B) the development and then regression of testes prior to sexual maturation. C) the observation that all of the offspring are haploid. D) dependence on favorable weather conditions for ovulation to occur. E) the persistence of a vestigial penis among some of the females. 200-Name two reasons for and two reasons against asexual reproduction. For: -do not waste energy finding a mate -rapid reproduction colonization in favorable habitats -ensures gene pool is passed to next generation Against: -pathogens can decimate clonal populations -loss of genetic diversity -cannot easily rid population of harmful mutation 300-Internal vs external fertilization. Make one comparison and one contrast Comparison -both produce zygotes -both are sexual reproduction Contrasts -External-many gametes for both sexes (not just male) -Greater parental investment (internal) -invest reproductive energy differently b. Where and when does fertilization occur in humans? Oviduct/fallopian tube, ovulation 400-1. In vertebrate animals, spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ, in that A) oogenesis begins at the onset of sexual maturity, whereas spermatogenesis happens in embryonic development. B) oogenesis produces four haploid cells, whereas spermatogenesis produces only one functional spermatozoon. C) cytokinesis is unequal in oogenesis, whereas it is equal in spermatogenesis. D) oogenesis ends at menopause, whereas spermatogenesis is finished before birth. E) spermatogenesis is not completed until after fertilization occurs, but oogenesis is completed by the time a girl is born. 2. Mature human sperm and ova are similar in that A) they both have the same number of chromosomes. 2 BIO 102-BioJeopardy II Exam is February 27th B) they are approximately the same size. C) they each have a flagellum that provides motility. D) they are produced from puberty until death. E) they are formed before birth. 00- For both men and women, the hypothalmus is releasing __________ which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete _____________ and ______________. GnRH, FSH, LH In turn, these hormones are in part controlled by what two main hormonal products in women and one main hormonal product in men. estradiol and progesterone, testosterone When does meiosis II occur for sperm and for a n oocyte? sperm- before ejaculated oocyte-after fertilization If It’s Yellow†¦ 100-1. The advantage of excreting wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that A) urea can be exchanged for Na+. B) urea is less toxic than ammonia. C) urea requires more water for excretion than ammonia. D) urea does not affect the osmolar gradient. E) less nitrogen is removed from the body. 200-Match the following with their excretory system 1. Earthworms (D) 2. Crickets (E) 3. Flatworms (A) 4. Humans (B) 5. Jellyfish (C) 300-1. Put the following in the correct order A. Ascending Loop of Henle B. Descending Loop of Henle C. Collecting Duct D. Distal Tubule E. Proximal Tubule F. Bowmans capsule and glomerulus F-E-B-A-D-C 2. Where are these tubes, etc found and are there many of them in the human body? Nephron of the kidney, Yes, ~80 million 3. After the last step listed here where does the filtrate go on its final journey out of the body? Renal pelvis to ureter to urinary bladder to urethra 400-1. Which one of the following is extremely important for water conservation in mammals? A) juxtamedullary nephrons B) Bowmans capsule C) urethra D) podocytes E) ureter 3 BIO 102-BioJeopardy II Exam is February 27th 2. What makes these components so special? Longer loop of Henle that goes deep into medulla 500-Picking 2 components, explain how they work to concentrate urine. Proximal Tubule Loop of Henle Distal Tubule Collecting Duct In the Nephron Cortex: †¢ Blood flows from the renal artery into the afferent arteriole †¢ Blood enters the capillaries of the glomerulus where blood pressure forces filtrate into the lumen of the Bowman’s capsule (filtrate consists of salts, glucose, and other small molecules – no blood cells or plasma proteins as they are too large to filter through the capillaries) †¢ In the proximal tubule: From the Bowman’s capsule, filtrate passes through the Proximal tubule where Na+ (which results in passive transport of Cl- ions in the form of NaCl), K+, glucose, amino acids, bicarbonate buffer and other nutrients are absorbed into the interstitial fluid and transported through the peritubular capillaries (water follows via osmosis as the interstitial fluid becomes hyperosmotic to the filtrate) Also the site of waste filtration (like processed drugs from the liver) via nonselective filtration from the interstitial fluid and surrounding tissues This is also the site of pH regulation of body fluids as transport epithelium secrete H+ and buffering NH3 to form ammonium ions (NH4+) In the Medulla: †¢ Loop of Henle 1) Filtrate enters the Loop of Henle from the Proximal Tubule 2) Descending Limb carries it down into the Medulla. . Descending Limb is semi-permeable. Water may pass through but ions may not. . Medulla has high osmolarity, causing water to pass from the Loop of Henle into the Medulla. 3) Ascending Limb carries filtrate back up from the Medulla . Ascending Limb is not permeable to water . Dissolved ions are actively transported from the filtrate into the Medulla, increasing its osmolarity. 1) Blood travels through the Vasa Recta in the opposite direction of filtrate in the Loop of Henle. 2) As blood travels down into the medulla, it absorbs some of the ions transported from the Ascending Limb, increasing osmolarity. 3) When blood flows back out of the medulla al ongside the Descending Limb, water is reabsorbed from the Medulla, maintaining its high osmolarity. III. Summary 1) Both the Loop of Henle and the Vasa Recta are countercurrent multipliers that act to conserve water. 2) About 90% of the water in the filtrate is reabsorbed into the bloodstream by the time it reaches the Distal Tubule. Back to the Nephron Cortex: †¢ In the Distal tubule: Much like the proximal tubule but primarily focused on NaCl reabsorption and K+ secretion into the filtrate pH regulation via reabsorption of bicarbonate and secretion of H+ ions into the filtrate Collecting Duct: †¢ The collecting duct then carries filtrate into the renal pelvis †¢ Site of urine concentration / dilution When kidneys are conserving water, surrounding interstitial fluid is hyperosmotic to the filtrate, thus aquaporin allow water to pass through the walls of the duct into the interstitial fluid 4 BIO 102-BioJeopardy II Exam is February 27th When kidneys are expelling water, surrounding interstitial fluid is hypoosmotic to the filtrate, thus kidney reabsorbs salts into the interstitial fluid without letting water follow MisMash 100-1. How is most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood in humans? A) bicarbonate ions in the plasma B) CO2 attached to hemoglobin C) carbonic acid in the erythrocytes D) CO2 dissolved in the plasma E) bicarbonate attached to hemoglobin 2, Hydrogen ions produced in human red blood cells are prevented from significantly lowering pH by combining with A) hemoglobin. B) plasma proteins. C) carbon dioxide. D) carbonic acid. E) plasma buffers. 200-1. Most marine invertebrates are osmoconformers, so this means that compared to the seawater around them, they are Hypoosmotic, Hyperosmotic or Isoosmotic. Isoosmotic 2. What happens when you put one in a freshwater environment? They will be hyperosmotic to their environment and will not be able osmoregulate and will take on water from environment 300-organisms have evolved several different methods to maximize the efficiencies of different processes. Explain how the organisms have evolved. 1. Deep sea diving mammals such as the Weddell seal and gas exchangecarry 5x amount of oxygen as humans, slow heart rate and limit blood circulation to vital organs 2. Albatrosses can drink salty water -have salt glands consisting of arteries, veins, capillaries and secretory tubules designed to remove remove salt from the blood 400-Materials are returned to the blood from the filtrate by which of the following processes? A) filtration B) ultrafiltration C) selective reabsorption D) secretion E) active transport 500- 1. How does ADH function at the cellular level? A) ADH stimulates the reabsorption of glucose through channel proteins. B) It triggers the synthesis of an enzyme that makes the phospholipid bilayer more permeable to water. C) It causes membranes to include more phospholipids that have unsaturated fatty acids. D) It causes an increase in the number of aquaporin molecules of collecting duct cells. E) It decreases the speed at which filtrate flow through the nephron leading to increased reabsorption of water. 2. How do ADH and RAAS work together in maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis? A) ADH monitors osmolarity of the blood and RAAS regulates blood volume. 5 BIO 102-BioJeopardy II Exam is February 27th B) ADH monitors appropriate osmolarity by reabsorption of water, and RAAS maintains osmolarity by stimulating Na+ reabsorption. C) ADH an RAAS work antagonistically; ADH stimulates water reabsorption during dehydration and RAAS removal of water when it is in excess in body fluids. D) Both stimulate the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone which increases both blood volume and pressure. E) Only when they are together in the receptor sites of proximal tubule cells, will reabsorption of essential nutrients back into the blood take place. 6